- Step 1: Signal Generation
- Audio Signal Generation; Video Signal Generation
- Step 2: Amplification and Processing
- Audio Amplification and Processing Video Amplification and Processing
- Step 3: Signal Transmission
- Audio Transmission; Video Transmission; Satellite Transmission
- Step 4: Signal Reception
- Radio Receivers; TV Receivers
- Step 5: Storage and Retrieval
- Audio Storage; Video Storage
Step 1: Signal Generation
"Audio signals are generated mechanically, by using microphones and turntables; electro-magnetically, by using tape recorders; and digitally, by using laser optics. Television signal generation involves the electronic line-by-line scanning of an image. An electron beam scans each element of a picture, and the image is then retraced in the TV receiver."
Step 2: Amplification and Processing
"Audio and video signals are amplified and mixed by using audio consoles and video switchers. Today’s digital technology enables sophisticated signal processing and a variety of special effects."
Step 3: Signal Transmission
"Radio waves occupy a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. AM radio channels are classified into clear, regional, and local channels. FM stations are classified according to power and antenna height. The wide bandwidth of an FM channel allows for stereo broadcasting and other nonbroadcast services. There are two types of digital radio: satellite-based and in-band, on-channel."
Step 4: Signal Reception
"Radio receivers pull in AM, FM, and other signals, in monaural or stereo. New digital multiband receivers are becoming more prevalent. In TV, large and small-screen receivers have attained record sales in recent years, abetted by new digital capabilities and "smart" remote control devices."
Technology cluster? Relationship to adoption?
Step 5: Storage and Retrieval
"New technology is reshaping audio and video storage and retrieval. Phonograph records, compact discs, and videotapes are being supplemented and may ultimately be replaced by digital storage media, such as recordable CDs, digital versatile disks (DVDs), and high-capacity disk drives on computers. A comparatively new phenomenon, audio and video streaming, permits radio and TV stations to send their complex signals onto the Internet."
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