MassMedia: Internet/Networks: What is a Blog, RSS and RSS Reader? (U10-P3) [VID] Fa14

What is a blog?  How do you blog (steps in the process)?



What is the relationship between a blog and Twitter or Facebook?  What is a micro-blog?

What are ways you can read and/or subscribe to a blog?  What's an RSS and how does it work?





Feedly is a popular example of a RSS reader.




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MassMedia: Internet/Networks: How Email Works (U10-P2) [VID] Fa14

How does email work?  What are the steps in the process?  The parts?

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MassMedia: Internet/Networks: The Jobs-Gates Rivalry (U10-P1) [VID] Fa14

"Are you a pirate?"  What's that mean?  Is that a good thing or a bad thing?
Any life lessons you learn from this movie?
Any career lessons you learn from this movie?


The Pirates of Silicon Valley tells the story of the Jobs-Gates rivalry from the early 1970s until the late 1990s.



The following video interview of Jobs' biographer picks up the Jobs-Gates story where Pirates left off.





For a humorous, but insightful look at the rivalry you might also want to check out the "Steve Jobs vs Bill Gates. Epic Rap Battle."


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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Intercultural Training - Part 2 (Activity) Fa14

Some well-known intercultural training activities include "The Parable" and "Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes".

"The Parable"

The study of intercultural communication has a rich and interesting history.  That's one of the reasons that I study it. There is a long history of government organizations training people to be better intercultural communicators (e.g., diplomats).  Out of this training comes some helpful and long-lasting intercultural training exercises.  "The Parable" is one of those exercises.  Below is the parable as it appeared in a 1973 Unesco document (pdf).  Read the story and then rank in order that characters that you most approve of.  The person that you approve of at the top and the bottom would be the person that you least approve of.

If you are curious, see also Dr. Ting-Toomey's version of The Parable.

Dr. Hart's classroom instructions:

• Write down on a piece of paper, in rank order, the characters whose behaviors you most approve.
• Break into groups of 4 to discuss your results.  Create a rank list for the group.
• What have you learned as a result of this activity?
• Can anyone point to something in your past that shaped the values you used in this activity?  Who/what programmed you?
• Value: “A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable” (TheFreeDictionary.com).

If you are curious: More related activities from CSU Fullerton faculty (pdf).



"Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes"

Another famous intercultural training activity was created by Jane Elliot.  What are the steps in Jane Elliot's Blue Eyes / Brown Eyes Experiment?



This is a clip that I edited and posted on YouTube. I use this clip in my Intercultural Communication course to introduce students to methods of using intercultural training to reduce prejudice. 

How effective do you think this method is?
Any ethical concerns?

Additional intercultural training activities may be covered in future posts.




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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Intercultural Training - Part 1 (Activity) Fa14

Research on the best methods of teaching and training in intercultural communication has a long history beginning with the work of anthropologist around the time of World War II. By the 1970s anthropologist lost interest in intercultural interactions and communication scholars carried on the study of intercultural communication. Two of these communication scholars (Gudykunst and Hammer) are among the top prolific authors and most cited authors in the field of intercultural communication (Hammer was my advisor at American University). In one of the articles written by Gudykunst and Hammer they outlined the overall goals of intercultural education or intercultural training (ICT).

• "...most ICT involves some form of change in three areas: cognition, affect, and behavior. Cognitively, ICT generally is aimed at helping trainees understand how their culture, stereotypes, and attitudes influence their interactions with members of other cultures. Cognitive ICT goals, therefore, focus on knowledge and/or awareness. Affectively, ICT generally is aimed at helping trainees effectively manage their emotional reactions (e.g., anxiety) when interacting with members of other cultures. Behaviorally, ICT generally is designed to help trainees develop the skills they need to interact effectively with members of other cultures" (Gudykunst, Guzley and Hammer, 1996, p. 65).

In this course we will work on these three goals: cognition, affect and behavior.


Let's explore some types of intercultural training and well-known intercultural training activities.

First, film may be used in intercultural training.  A fictional film which shows intercultural interaction may teach a viewer some facts about another culture and, depending on how well the viewer identifies with the characters in the film, it may also have an emotional or affective effect.



This is a clip that I edited and posted on YouTube. I use this clip in my Intercultural Communication course to introduce students to the difficulties of intercultural communication.

In the clip Jackie's fiancé has just arrived in the U.S.

Is there intercultural miscommunication? What is the problem exactly? Whose fault is it? Is it right to blame somebody?


Some additional types of intercultural training and well-known intercultural training activities will be explored in future posts.



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MediaTech: Social Media and Web 2.0: Consequences of Diffusion and Innovation Attributes (U10-P3) Fa14

Previously we have noted that when a person or a society adopts an innovations, there are consequences. What are some consequences of adopting social media based on recent research?

Now, let's shift gears, but stay with diffusion of innovations and social media.  The adoption of social media has greatly increased in the past decade or so.  People have adopted social media more quickly than any other past media technology (radio, TV, etc.).  Why?   What makes an innovation spread?  What makes the rate of adoption increase?  What are the key factors according to diffusion of innovation theory?  What are the characteristics (or attributes) of an innovation that makes it quickly become adopted?  

Specifically, what are the attributes of the innovation that make it spread?

How do these attributes of an innovation apply to the diffusion of social media like Facebook, Twitter, etc.?




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MediaTech: Social Media and Web 2.0: Facebook and the Zuckerberg Story (U10-P2) Fa14

How did Facebook come to be? What is Mark Zuckerberg's story?
Fact and Fiction

You might know some of the story from the 2010 film, The Social Network.



However...



If you are curious, you might also want to check out a recent article "Zuckerberg reveals he found The Social Network 'hurtful'."

A documentary or news story would be a better way of getting to the true story.



If you are curious, you might also want to check out a full bio on Bloomberg's Game Changers series.

How is his story similar to past media tech visionaries?



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MediaTech: Social Media and Web 2.0: Intro (U10-P1) Fa14

What makes Facebook or Twitter examples of social media?  What is social media?

"Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein define social media as 'a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content.'" (Wikipedia).

So, Web 2.0 has something to do with social media. What is Web 2.0?

"The term Web 2.0 is associated with web applications that facilitate participatory information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design,[1] and collaboration on the World Wide Web. A Web 2.0 site allows users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators (prosumers) of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to websites where users (consumers) are limited to the passive viewing of content that was created for them. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing sites, hosted services, web applications, mashups and folksonomies" (Wikipedia)

So, if this is Web 2.0, what was Web 1.0?

How did social media develop/evolve?  What is the short history of social media?






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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Principled Negotiation (U10-P4) Fa14

What is principled negotiation and what does it have to do with intercultural conflict?

William Ury: The walk from "no" to "yes"

What does principled negotiation have to do with intercultural conflict?

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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Intercultural Conflict (U10-P3) Fa14

Intercultural Competency: Managing Intercultural Conflict

Culture can enter conflict in a variety of places as shown in the diagram below.

Now, let's shift gears and look at conflict in a different way, by using a film clip.

This is a clip that I edited and posted on YouTube. I use this clip in my Intercultural Communication course to introduce students to the concept of intercultural competence, especially in conflict situations.

The film clip wasn't about intercultural conflict, but how could you use Nash's idea to resolve intercultural conflict?



The film is based on a true story.
Background: JOHN NASH, Princeton math prof., played key role in game theory,
Game theory had important impacts on scholarly thinking in economics, international relations, biology, etc.
So, important, Nash won 1994 Nobel Prize


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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Bennett's Model (U10-P2) Fa14

According to the Bennett model, as people gain more intercultural sensitivity, they move through a variety of stages starting with Denial and possibility ending in Integration.

In each stage, people express a certain mindset or way of thinking about cultural differences.  The mindset of each stage is expressed in the quotes below.  In the first stage what is being denied?  In the Defense stage what are defensive about?  In the third stage what is being minimized?  Continue this line of questions with the remaining stages.

Not that the first three stages are labeled Ethnocentric.  How does this relate to our previous definition of ethnocentrism?

Last question and perhaps most important question, what stage are you in?  Does that depend?  On what?


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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence (U10-P1) [VID] Fa14

This is a clip that I edited and posted on YouTube. I use this clip in my Intercultural Communication course to introduce students to the concept of intercultural sensitivity.

Is Cartman interculturally insensitive?  How?
What's it mean to be interculturally sensitive?
Is there a certain perspective/attitude?
Is there a particular set of skills?
How interculturally sensitive are you?
Can a person be too interculturally sensitive?
Relationship to politically correct (PC)?

OCT. '12 UPDATE:
I had to remove my YouTube clip.
However, I did find another clip with video that shows part of what I had posted.





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GlobalMedia: International Public Relations: Case Study of U.S. Military Image in Afghanistan (U10-P4)

A case study is a method of teaching in which students are presented with a problematic scenario or case.  A case is an example or illustration of a problem or challenge.

Case studies are some times used in law classes and some times in public relations classes, for example.

After an international case is presented there is a common method used in PR courses.

1. Define/describe the PR problem.
2. Give ways for addressing or solving this problem.
3. List resources needed for implementing solution(s).
4. Give a timetable for implementation.
5. State expected impact of solution.
6. How did you use intercultural skills?

Intercultural skills to keep in mind when working through the international P.R. case

• Be mindful
• Be thoughtful, aware of differences
• Be patience
• It may be difficult at first
• Be open-minded
• Consider other ways of doing things, other views
• Be tolerance of ambiguity
• Things may not make sense. Be comfortable with uncertainty

Now, let's do a case or three.
Check out the following news videos about three back-to-back incidents between the U.S. military and the people of Afghanistan in early 2012.  As you are watching these, starting thinking about the above info.  What would you do to build a better relationship between the U.S. military and the people of Afghanistan?


Pentagon denounces Marine urination video (CBS Evening News - Jan. 2012)


Quran Burning Sparks Angry Afghan Protest (Associated Press - Feb. 2012)


Afghan Massacre: Video From Shooting Scene (ABC Evening News - Mar. 2012)




What would you do to build a better relationship between the U.S. military and the people of Afghanistan?

Also, now go through the method given above (i.e., 1. Define/describe the P.R. problem, etc.).  Also don't forget to think about how you'd use your intercultural skills in doing this P.R. work.

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GlobalMedia: Doing Some P.R. Work for the U.S. State Department (U10-P3) Sp14

Let's pretend that we are doing some public relations/advertising work for the U.S. State Department.  They want us to (1) promote a good image of the U.S. abroad and (2) promote tourism to the U.S.

What could we do?  How would we do that?

Where would we do that?  Let's say we focus on places where people first have contact with the U.S., in airports and in U.S embassies abroad.

As for the what, how about we put together a short video to be shown in the airports and embassies.

Think very carefully about what you would be in that video and why.

No, no.  Don't read on.  Seriously, think about what you'd put in the video and why.

O.K., now read on.
---

This above scenario actually played out few years back.  It actually happened.  Let's see how your ideas match up with those actually carried out.  Let's look at a series of videos.

A CNN News Report



The Actual Video Shown in Airports and Embassies
(See at least the first minute and the last minute to get a good feel for the video.)


The Making of the Portraits of America Video


Do you think this "Portraits of America" video was effective, based upon what you've see above?
Would you have done anything differently?




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GlobalMedia: International Advertising & Public Relations: Campaigns & Culture (U10-P2) Sp14

A campaign is “an operation or series of operations energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose: an advertising campaign for a new product; a candidate's political campaign” (American Heritage Dictionary)

An advertising campaign for a certain new product could contain a "series of operations" like

• putting out press releases to the news media,
• putting ads in newspapers and
• posting a viral video on YouTube about the new product.

The purpose of all these "operations" is to encourage purchase of the product.

Now, what about going global?


According to McPhail,
"There are three strategic models for planning global campaigns: standardized, adaptive, and country-specific.  In the standardized model, strategy is formed at the global headquarters and implemented in all operating areas [same or very similar in all countries].  In the adaptive model, a basic strategy [given from head-quarters] is adapted appropriately for each country where it will be implemented.  In a country-specific model, the strategic planning is shaped to fit one country [,more grass-roots]" (Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends)


Let's say we are doing advertising for the multinational corporation, McDonald's.  As part of the campaign that we are managing, they want 30 second TV ads for their new salads.  They want to sell salads (or localized versions of salads) around the world in many different countries.  Using each of the above models, how would this be done?  See any benefits or drawbacks to each approach?  What about in terms of costs and effectiveness?



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GlobalMedia: International Advertising & PR (U10-P1) Sp14

Advertising and public relations are playing an increasing role in international communication.  They've certainly gone global.

Let's start with some basic dictionary definitions.

Advertising: “The activity of attracting public attention to a product or business, as by paid announcements in the print, broadcast, or electronic media” (The American Heritage Dictionary).

Public Relations (P.R.): “The methods and activities employed to establish and promote a favorable relationship with the public” (The American Heritage Dictionary).

The basic dictionary definitions need a little modifying.

• Add to the advertising definition, the key purpose of advertising: to persuade people to purchase.  "Attraction public attention" is a good first step, but not the ultimate goal.
• Add to the P.R. definition, the idea of establishing, promoting and maintaining a relationship.  Secondly, add an "s" to the end of public.  What are the key publics that a company needs to have a good relationship with?  Externally: the government/law makers, other companies, customers, the media, etc. Internally: investors, employees, etc.

If you are curious, checkout some more online definitions of advertising and public relations.


With some basics out of the way, let's go global with advertising and P.R.


In his book, Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends, Thomas McPhail offers three key reasons why there has been a growth in international advertising and P.R.  Why has advertising and public relations gone global?

"1. Corporations themselves are going increasingly global and taking their advertising agencies with them.  This includes communication corporations as well as other sectors such as transportation, food, beverages, natural resources, credit cards, etc.
2. As multimedia outlets -- from privatized radio and television networks in Europe to new media and print outlets in Latin America -- expand, they require successful advertising campaigns in order to generate the revenues and attract new customers necessary to succeed as viable commercial enterprises.
3. The growth of satellite-delivered broadcasting channels, along with a rapid expansion of cable systems and networks, have in turn generated demand for increased use of advertising agencies in order to develop a sufficient customer base for either the new services themselves, or the problems they advertise."

Note that the first reason focuses on general companies, the second reason focuses on media companies that provide content and the third reason focuses on the media hardware companies.


In their book, Global Journalism: Topical Issues and Media Systems (4th Edition), de Beer and Merrill offer their own explanation for the expansion of international advertising and public relations.

Why the expansion?

• Financial businesses, etc.
• Economically connected
• In short, business is global
• Issues management & crisis management
• Crises spread quickly on the ‘Net nowadays.
• Some crises, like environmental and financial crises, easily cross borders.
• In short, many issues/crises are global

In short, P.R. and advertising have to go global.

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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Principled Negotiation (U10-P4) fa13

What is principled negotiation and what does it have to do with intercultural conflict?

William Ury: The walk from "no" to "yes"

What does principled negotiation have to do with intercultural conflict?

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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Intercultural Conflict (U10-P3) fa13

Intercultural Competency:
Managing Intercultural Conflict

"A Beautiful Mind and Oranges"

This is a clip that I edited and posted on YouTube. I use this clip in my Intercultural Communication course to introduce students to the concept of intercultural competence, especially in conflict situations.

How do you resolve intercultural conflict?
Do Nash's ideas suggest a way?

Background:
JOHN NASH, Princeton Math Prof.
Game theory
Application to economics, international relations, biology, etc.
1994 Nobel Prize



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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Bennett's Model (U10-P2) fa13

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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence (U10-P1) [VID] fa13

This is a clip that I edited and posted on YouTube. I use this clip in my Intercultural Communication course to introduce students to the concept of intercultural sensitivity.

Is Cartman interculturally insensitive?  How?
What's it mean to be interculturally sensitive?
Is there a certain perspective/attitude?
Is there a particular set of skills?
How interculturally sensitive are you?
Can a person be too interculturally sensitive?
Relationship to politically correct (PC)?

OCT. '12 UPDATE:
I had to remove my YouTube clip.
However, I did find another clip with video that shows part of what I had posted.



I also found a clip that has the audio for the clip that I previously posted.





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