MassMedia: Info & Interactive Media Tech: Comm/Media Technology & Theory (U9-P2) [VID] Fa14

Where do media technologies come from?  How do they develop?  How and why do they spread in a society?  A variety of technology theories help provide some insight.

What are some key theories related to communication/media technology?

• Diffusion of Innovations
• Social Construction of Technology
• Technological Determinism
• Winston’s Model Communication Technology Development

Here we'll cover specifically diffusion of innovations and Winston's model


Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations

Diffusion of innovations is “the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system.”(Rogers).

We can hear of about a new technology through face-to-face or through mass-mediated channels and when we do, we may decide to adopt (get, purchase, etc.) that new technology.  Adopted any new tech recently?

More and more people in a society may adopt the new technology/innovation and the graph of the number of adoptions will grow (see below).

The graph above shows how people in a society over time adopt an innovation.

At first nobody had a TV in the U.S., but over time...

Any thoughts on why a person adopts of new technology or not?

How does this theory help us understand how media technologies develop?  Does it help us understand the future of media technologies?




Winston’s Model of Communication Technology Technology Development

Winston's model explains how media technologies develop from ideas to diffusion.  The story begins at the bottom left of the figure and ends at the upper right of the figure.

According to Winston's model a new technology starts (1) as an idea based on science and then (2) develops into early prototypes.  As a technology develops it faces some social pressures ((3) does society see a need for it and (4) will powerful competitors or the government attempt to repress the technology?).  The technology will then (5) diffuse through a society and may (6) spin-off related technologies.

How does this theory help us understand how media technologies develop?  Does it help us understand the future of media technologies?



Let's focus on the development of an early communication technology, the telegraph.

Winston's model can be applied to the telegraph.  Did you see the process in the video clip above?

Let's highlight certain parts of this process.

See the Winston process in the Empire of the Air?


Source: Media Technology and Society: A History From the Telegraph to the Internet















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MediaTech: Internet/New Media: Winston's Model and the Internet (U9-P2) Fa14

How much do you know about the development of the Internet and the use of computers as communication tools?  What do you recall from previous readings, notes and discussion?

Can you trace the development of the Internet using Winston's model?

Source: Media Technology and Society: A History From the Telegraph to the Internet







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InterculturalCom: Effective Intercultural Com: Intercultural Communication Model (U9-P2) Fa14

Recall the Intercultural Communication Model?

There is a brick wall between us and effective intercultural communication. 
What are the names of the bricks in this wall?  What specifically stops us from getting to effective intercultural communication?

---

Before moving on to anxiety and uncertainty (Brick #3), I should point out that we've already covered Bricks 1 and 2.

What are they?  What are thing we've already covered that lead to difficulty in intercultural situations?

They are difference in language (Brick #1) and differences in nonverbal communication (Brick #2).

Before moving to the next bricks, one last question: How do you tear down this part of the wall, how do you fix differences in language and nonverbal communication?

And now, anxiety and uncertainty.

How does uncertainty lead to anxiety?  Got an example?

How do you "tear down" these brick?   Which one would you fix first and once you fixed it would you have the second problem?

How do you "tear down" this brick?  How do you fix this possible problem?

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MediaTech: TV Tech: Pixels, Persistence of Vision, etc.--- (U9-P2) [VID] Fa13

Clipped from: www.colorado.edu (share this clip)

Pixels and Persistence of Vision
Black and White TV Screens
Bright and Dark



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InterculturalCom: Effective Intercultural Com: Basic Interpersonal Skills (U9-P2) Fa13

Even before developing effective intercultural communication skills, we need to learn and practice the basic interpersonal skills below.  These are fundamental.

Some Basic Interpersonal Skills Helpful in ICC

Core Skills

• Positiveness: Expression of positive attitudes toward self and others.
• Other-Orientation: Attentiveness, interest, and concern for others.
• Empathy: Feeling as the other feels.

Meta Skills

• Mindfulness: Being aware of the above skills.
• Metacommunication: Being aware of what is happening in the communication. Being able to think and talk about the talk.

Source:


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GlobalMedia: Sam Keen, 9/11, War and Metaphor - Part 2/2 (U9-P1) [VID] Sp13

So, dehumanization of the enemy was done in the past all over the world.  Does it still happen in the 21st century?  That's the question that my co-author and I asked in our study of editorial cartoons of bin Laden and the Taliban after the events of 9/11.

Hart, W. B. & Hassencahl, F. (2002). Dehumanizing the enemy in editorial cartoons. In B. Greenberg (Ed.). Communication and Terrorism: Public and Media Responses to 9/11 (pp. 137-155). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

The study began with the observation of the way that President Bush talked about the enemy and how editorial cartoonists subsequently depicted the Taliban and bin Laden.

NBC News: Days of Crisis: George Bush and 9/11
See 20:45-24:55 using the above link or see video clip below.
In this clip what dehumanizing metaphors are used?




In short, our study found that people (U.S. leaders and editorial cartoonist, in this case) continued to use the dehumanizing visual metaphors identified by Keen -- enemy-as-animal, enemy-as-barbarian, enemy-as-criminal, etc.

We closed our book chapter with the following important note.

Does this process of dehumanization continue?

President Jimmy Carter interview from April 9, 2013.  Korea = "Axis of Evil"?

The Daily Show with Jon Stewart
Get More: Daily Show Full Episodes,Indecision Political Humor,The Daily Show on Facebook

If you are interested, see "Anonymous Can't Stop North Korea, but They Can Turn Kim Jong-un into a Pig" (The Atlantic Wire).

This recent example also ties into our discussion of the role of social media in war-time communication.



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MediaTech: The Evolution of MediaTech and You: The Third Screen and You (U9-P2) fa12

So, according the previous post, technologies evolve.  New ones are created and some old ones go extinct.


Focusing specifically on media technologies, what new media tech has evolved recently?  Is there a new species of media tech?  It could be argued that "the third screen" is a new species.  Martin writes about it in his book, The Third Screen: Marketing to Your Customers in a World Gone Mobile.   What is the third screen and how has it evolved?  And, what does it have to do with your future?  What do you see evolving in the future?  Do you see a fourth screen?  No screen? What is the connection between your future and the future of media tech?



What could a media professional do to develop content and applications for this third screen?
If a 12 year-old, middle school student can do it, so can you.  Got an idea for an app?  Why not develop it?  Need help, let me know.




"The process to develop an iPhone app is not as hard or as simple as one might think."
How to develop an app?  Read and study the steps in this article.  Many of the steps you can handle on your own, but you may need to get help on some of them.  Got an idea for an app?  Why not develop it?  Need help, let me know.

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InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Bennett's Model (U9-P2) fa12

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MediaTech: The Evolution of MediaTech and You: The Third Screen and You (U9-P2)

So, according the previous post, technologies evolve.  New ones are created and some old ones go extinct.


Focusing specifically on media technologies, what new media tech has evolved recently?  Is there a new species of media tech?  It could be argued that "the third screen" is a new species.  Martin writes about it in his book, The Third Screen: Marketing to Your Customers in a World Gone Mobile.   What is the third screen and how has it evolved?  And, what does it have to do with your future?  What do you see evolving in the future?  Do you see a fourth screen?  No screen? What is the connection between your future and the future of media tech?



What could a media professional do to develop content and applications for this third screen?
If a 12 year-old, middle school student can do it, so can you.  Got an idea for an app?  Why not develop it?  Need help, let me know.



"The process to develop an iPhone app is not as hard or as simple as one might think."
How to develop an app?  Read and study the steps in this article.  Many of the steps you can handle on your own, but you may need to get help on some of them.  Got an idea for an app?  Why not develop it?  Need help, let me know.

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Please follow, add, friend or subscribe to help support this blog.
See more about me at my web site WilliamHartPhD.com.

InterculturalCom: Intercultural Sensitivity and Competence: Bennett's Model (U9-P2)

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